Advanced International Journal for Research

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Glass Over Ice : Charting the Vitrification Epoch in Embryo Cryopreservation For Assisted Reproductive Technology

Author(s) Dr. NIHARIKA SHARMA
Country India
Abstract Vitrification, an ultra-rapid cryopreservation method that avoids intracellular ice formation, has revolutionized embryo freezing in ART. This article synthesizes current evidence on the principles, clinical efficacy, safety, and future directions of embryo vitrification. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and major society guidelines (ASRM, ESHRE) identified 138 primary studies and reviews published between 2000 – 2025. Data show that vitrification yields higher embryo survival (94–99 %) and implantation rates than slow freezing, with cumulative live-birth rates up to 45 % per transfer in high-quality blastocysts. Neonatal and long-term childhood health appear comparable or slightly superior to fresh cycles. Closed-system devices mitigate viral contamination risks underscored during the COVID-19 pandemic, while AI-assisted embryo grading promises to optimize selection post-warming. The global vitrification market is projected to reach > USD 45 billion by 2034. Despite these advances, questions remain about cryoprotectant toxicity, standardization across clinics, and ethical management of vitrified embryo inventories.
Keywords Vitrification, Embryo cryopreservation, Assisted reproductive technology, Slow freezing, Cryoprotectants, Blastocyst survival, Implantation rates, Neonatal outcomes, Closed-system devices, Artificial intelligence embryo selection
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 6, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On 2025-10-18
DOI https://doi.org/10.63363/aijfr.2025.v06i05.1475
Short DOI https://doi.org/g97nxz
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