Advanced International Journal for Research

E-ISSN: 3048-7641   •   Impact Factor: 9.11

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Design and Development of Electromagnetic Railway Vibration Energy Harvesting Systems for Long-Term Powering of Wireless Sensor Networks

Author(s) Dr. A. Ramkumar
Country Saudi Arabia
Abstract Railway infrastructure is undergoing digital transformation, with increased reliance on intelligent monitoring, control, and safety systems. Powering these distributed systems remains a challenge due to the impracticality of extending wired connections or replacing batteries frequently along thousands of kilo-meters of track. Energy harvesting offers a promising solution by converting train-induced mechanical vibrations and track deflections into usable electrical power. This study proposes an electromagnetic vibration-based energy harvesting system integrated with a mechanical amplification mechanism. The system is designed to power wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployed for railway condition monitoring and operational safety. A prototype was modelled and tested under simulated train axle loads (50–100 kN) and varying train speeds (40–100 km/h). Results indicate that the harvester generates between 0.6–1.6 W of average power per axle load, sufficient to sustain WSN nodes for extended periods without external energy supply. Compared with existing approaches, the proposed system demonstrates higher power density and stability, enabling continuous power availability in remote railway environments. The findings highlight the potential of railway energy harvesting as a viable component of sustainable and autonomous railway operation frameworks.
Keywords Railway energy harvesting, Electromagnetic generator, Track vibrations, Wireless sensor networks, Sustainable power systems.
Field Physics > Mechanical Engineering
Published In Volume 6, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On 2025-10-22
DOI https://doi.org/10.63363/aijfr.2025.v06i05.1659
Short DOI https://doi.org/g97v63
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E-ISSN 3048-7641
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