Understanding the samjik mundhum: Definitions and Meaning, Religion, Orality, Classification and Cultural Significance

Author(s)	Mr. Ash Bahadur Subba
Country	India
Abstract	The samjik mundhum is the philosophy of Limbus which constitutes vital components like ritual, spiritual, linguistic, and cultural heritage of Limbus of Eastern Himalayas. One of the main objectives of the research article is to explore the definitions, nuanced meanings and pivotal role in practice and worldview of Limbu shamans. Drawing from oral traditions, contextual enquiries and interpretations, it clarifies the conceptual foundation of Limbu mundhums as collective and socially oriented ritual narratives embedded within the philosophy. The sacred narratives of available in the mundhum guide the community, and reinforce moral codes. This also facilitates interaction between human, nature and spiritual realms. In this article, the classification of mundhums have been proposed on the basis of ritual functions, performances related to kinship rites, communal festivals, agriculture cycles, and classified the mundhum on the basis of the disciplines of Limbu shamans. In this article, the findings of the study indicates that samjik mundhum not just preserves ancestral cosmology and heritage but also shapes social cohesion, ethical paradigms and identity.
Keywords	Keywords: samjik mundhum, philosophy, yuma, tagera ningwaɂphuma, rituals
Field	Arts
Published In	Volume 6, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On	2025-10-22
DOI	https://doi.org/10.63363/aijfr.2025.v06i05.1662
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g97nwr

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Advanced International Journal for Research