Advanced International Journal for Research

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Volume 6 Issue 6
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The Role of Nanomaterials in Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance and Stability: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications

Author(s) Dr. Anita Sagar
Country India
Abstract The global imperative to transition from carbon-intensive energy sources to renewable alternatives has placed photovoltaics (PV) at the forefront of sustainable energy research. While silicon-based technologies have matured, they face theoretical efficiency limits and practical challenges related to thermal management and spectral utilization. This research article provides an exhaustive, critical examination of the transformative role of nanomaterials in addressing these limitations. We analyze the integration of zero-dimensional (0D) quantum dots, one-dimensional (1D) nanowires and nanotubes, and two-dimensional (2D) layered materials (graphene, MXenes) across diverse PV architectures, including Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs), Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs), and Silicon heterojunctions. Detailed attention is given to recent breakthroughs in 2024 and 2025, such as the use of chlorine-terminated MXenes for interface passivation achieving efficiencies of 25.75%, the deployment of lanthanide-doped phosphors for spectral conversion, and the engineering of multifunctional nanocomposite coatings for radiative cooling and self-cleaning. Through a synthesis of experimental data and theoretical simulations, this report elucidates the physicochemical mechanisms—ranging from Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) to quantum confinement and defect engineering—that enable nanomaterials to enhance charge transport, prolong device stability, and maximize power conversion efficiency (PCE).
Keywords Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance, power conversion efficiency , carbon-intensive energy,Organic Photovoltaics, photovoltaics
Field Physical Science
Published In Volume 6, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-11
DOI https://doi.org/10.63363/aijfr.2025.v06i06.2247
Short DOI https://doi.org/hbf95v
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