Advanced International Journal for Research

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Volume 6 Issue 6
November-December 2025

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Energy-efficient Routing over Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Model and Protocol

Author(s) Dr. Devendra Singh Chauhan, Dr. Rajbhan Singh, Dr. Atul Kumar Dwivedi
Country India
Abstract This study explores the integration of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) within the Internet of Things (IoT) framework. It addresses challenges in energy optimization and routing by using clustering techniques like LEACH to improve network efficiency and longevity. Gateways connect the MANET-WSN clusters to the Internet, enabling real-time data collection and cloud storage. The work focuses on selecting optimal routes based on energy use, reliability, and hop count, enhancing communication in dynamic, resource-constrained environments. This review covers routing protocols improving MANET and IoT efficiency through clustering, energy-aware cluster head selection, and trust-based routing. Techniques optimize energy use, reliability, and network longevity but face challenges in load balancing and IoT-specific adaptations. The proposed approach combines clustering with trust-route selection to enhance energy efficiency and stable communication.
This study evaluates network performance based on total message transmission time, prioritizing paths with the fewest hops and shortest delays. The proposed method improves data throughput and channel efficiency significantly compared to existing techniques like EECHS-ISSA-DE and Butterfly and Ant, which suffer from node transmission losses and reduced performance. The new strategy extends network lifetime by up to 6800 cycles and achieves 75% higher average capacity and 12.2% overall performance improvement over EECHS-ISSA-DE.
Keywords Key Words: MANET, IoT, WSN, world wide web, EECHS.
Field Computer > Network / Security
Published In Volume 6, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-15
DOI https://doi.org/10.63363/aijfr.2025.v06i06.2412
Short DOI https://doi.org/hbf94x
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