Tribal India in Transition: a Critical Review of Development, Health, and Welfare

Author(s)	Dr. Georgia L. Thinakaran
Country	India
Abstract	Tribal communities in India represent one of the most ancient and culturally distinct sections of society, marked by their close relationship with nature, unique traditions, and social systems. Despite their rich heritage, they continue to face significant socio-economic challenges, particularly in areas of health, education, and livelihoods. This paper aims to critically examine the conditions of tribal life with a specific focus on health and welfare, while also exploring the government interventions introduced for their development. Adopting a review of literature approach, the study draws upon secondary sources including academic writings, policy documents, and government reports. The discussion is structured across key thematic areas: development policies and welfare schemes, land and forest rights, education and human development, health and nutrition, gender and empowerment, and the changing patterns of livelihoods shaped by migration and urbanization.
Keywords	Tribal Communities, Welfare Schemes, Health and Nutrition, Education, Livelihoods, Empowerment.
Field	Sociology > Administration / Law / Management
Published In	Volume 6, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-12-11
DOI	https://doi.org/10.63363/aijfr.2025.v06i06.2417
Short DOI	https://doi.org/hbf94v

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