Advanced International Journal for Research

E-ISSN: 3048-7641   •   Impact Factor: 9.11

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Volume 6 Issue 6
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Political Economy Of Agriculture In Bihar: Policy, Subsidy, And Farmer Representation

Author(s) Dr. Ravi Kant Pandey
Country India
Abstract Agriculture remains central to Bihar’s rural economy, yet persistent structural and institutional challenges limit equitable access to state support among farming communities. This study examines the political economy of agriculture in Bihar with specific attention to policy implementation, subsidy distribution, and farmer representation. Using a mixed-methods design across four districts, data were collected from 300 farmers through surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews with Panchayat leaders, PACS officials, FPO representatives, and extension workers. The findings reveal pronounced disparities in policy awareness and subsidy access between marginal and medium farmers. Marginal farmers exhibited significantly lower awareness of government schemes and faced greater bureaucratic and digital barriers, resulting in reduced access to fertilizer, seed, diesel, and insurance subsidies. Institutional participation emerged as a key determinant influencing both awareness and access, yet overall membership in PACS and FPOs remained low, particularly among women and marginalized caste groups. Qualitative insights further indicate the presence of elite capture in local governance structures, where influential actors mediated access to subsidized resources, reinforcing existing hierarchies. Additionally, inadequate irrigation infrastructure was identified as a critical constraint that limited the overall effectiveness of subsidies. The findings suggest that agricultural outcomes in Bihar are shaped not only by economic constraints but also by socio-political dynamics, institutional weaknesses, and unequal power relations. The study argues for inclusive policy reforms, strengthened institutional participation, improved transparency, and strategic investment in irrigation infrastructure to ensure more equitable and sustainable agricultural development in Bihar.
Keywords Agriculture, Subsidy, Policy, Institutions, Representation
Field Sociology > Politics
Published In Volume 6, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-20
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E-ISSN 3048-7641
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