Advanced International Journal for Research

E-ISSN: 3048-7641   •   Impact Factor: 9.11

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Volume 6 Issue 6
November-December 2025

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Communication as a Socio-Technical Phenomenon: Analyzing the Root Causes of 4G/5G Indoor Coverage Failure in Large Buildings and High-Rise Towers

Author(s) Mr. Abed Alrazzaq Kamal Alnahhas
Country Saudi Arabia
Abstract This study investigates the persistent issue of weak 4G and 5G coverage in large buildings and high-rise towers, grounded in the premise that the root causes extend beyond technical limitations to encompass the complex interplay of architectural characteristics, organizational decisions, and human behaviors within project teams. Adopting a theoretical-analytical research methodology supported by a real-world case study across three distinct sites a residential tower, a five-star hotel, and an international airport data were collected through document review, semi-structured interviews with engineers, and analysis of key RF performance indicators (RSRP, SINR, RTWP, PIM). Findings reveal that uplink interference, as indicated by elevated RTWP levels, rather than poor signal strength, is the primary cause of degraded service quality often stemming from lack of coordination among multiple operators and the widespread practice of information filtering in early reporting stages. Moreover, the study demonstrates that advanced technical solutions remain underutilized due to an adoption gap consistent with Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations model. Accordingly, the research proposes actionable recommendations: establishing unified IBS leadership units, automating quality monitoring using readily available office tools (e.g., Excel/MS Project), revising regulatory standards to mandate indoor quality metrics (e.g., SINR ≥ 0 dB), and introducing incentives that reward early issue disclosure. Ultimately, the study affirms that improving indoor coverage is not merely a technical challenge, but a socio-technical transformation one that requires reimagining networks not as infrastructure, but as human extensions within an integrated operational ecosystem.
Keywords indoor coverage, socio-technical systems, IBS
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 6, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-21
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E-ISSN 3048-7641
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