Advanced International Journal for Research

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Challenges to the Indian Judiciary in Disposing of Cases: Structural Constraints, Procedural Inefficiencies, and Reform Imperatives

Author(s) Mr. Balaji N, Dr. Nagaraja V
Country India
Abstract The Indian judiciary is burdened with one of the largest case backlogs in the world, which directly undermines the constitutional promise of timely and effective justice. Recent data from the National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) indicate that more than five crore cases are pending across the Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts, with nearly 87 percent clustered at the district and subordinate level. This article critically examines the principal challenges that impede timely disposal of cases, including inadequate judge strength, poor infrastructure, procedural complexity, frequent adjournments, and underutilisation of technology and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms. Drawing on official statistics, Law Commission of India reports, empirical studies, and policy documents, the paper analyses how vacancy rates, rising case institution, and rigid procedural codes interact to produce systemic delay and rising arrears. The article also evaluates recent reform initiatives such as the e Courts project, the NJDG, and case management directions issued by constitutional courts, assessing their potential and limitations in improving disposal rates. It concludes by proposing a multi pronged reform strategy that combines augmentation of judicial manpower, infrastructure investment, process re engineering, and a shift towards a data driven, technology enabled justice system.
Keywords e Courts, National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) and alternative dispute resolution (ADR)
Published In Volume 6, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-28
DOI https://doi.org/10.63363/aijfr.2025.v06i06.2691
Short DOI https://doi.org/hbhk4n
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