Advanced International Journal for Research

E-ISSN: 3048-7641   •   Impact Factor: 9.11

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Volume 7 Issue 2
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Judicial Interventions in Forest and Ecological Protection: An Analysis of Landmark PILs

Author(s) Aditya Khare, Dr. Anshuma Upadhyay
Country India
Abstract Forests and ecological systems in India face increasing pressures from industrialization, urban expansion, and unsustainable exploitation of natural resources. In this context, the judiciary has emerged as a vital actor in environmental governance, particularly through Public Interest Litigations (PILs). This research paper examines the role of judicial interventions in forest and ecological protection by analyzing landmark cases such as M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, the T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad series, and others that have significantly influenced policy and enforcement mechanisms. The study highlights how the courts expanded the ambit of constitutional rights under Article 21, incorporated principles like sustainable development, polluter pays, and public trust doctrine, and issued directives for effective forest management and conservation. At the same time, it critically evaluates challenges such as judicial overreach, implementation delays, and reliance on continuous mandamus. By contextualizing these interventions within India’s broader environmental governance framework, the paper argues that judicial activism has been both a corrective and catalytic force in shaping ecological protection. The findings underscore the necessity of harmonizing judicial directives with legislative reforms and executive action for sustainable and balanced forest governance.
Keywords Judicial Activism, Public Interest Litigation (PIL), Forest and Ecological Protection, Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, Environmental Governance
Published In Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-04-07
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E-ISSN 3048-7641
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