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From Domesticity to Divinity: Women’s Education in the Thought of Swami Vivekananda

Author(s) Dr. Nirmalya Barman, Ms. Jharna Rani Singha
Country India
Abstract This article examines the philosophy of women’s education in the thought of Swami Vivekananda, interpreting it as a transformative movement from social confinement within domesticity to the realization of spiritual divinity. Situated within the intellectual and socio-cultural context of nineteenth-century India, the study argues that Vivekananda’s approach transcends contemporary reformist discourse by grounding women’s empowerment in the metaphysical framework of Advaita Vedānta. Rejecting gender distinctions at the level of the आत्मन् (Ātman), he conceptualizes education as the “manifestation of the perfection already inherent” in every individual, thereby affirming the spiritual equality of men and women.
The paper further analyses Vivekananda’s critique of the historical marginalization of women, particularly through the denial of education and restriction to domestic roles. In response, he proposes a holistic model of education that integrates intellectual training, moral discipline, physical strength, and spiritual development. Central to this vision is the idea of शक्ति (Śakti), through which womanhood is reinterpreted as a manifestation of divine power rather than social subordination.
By situating Vivekananda’s thought in dialogue with both Indian reform movements and Western feminist perspectives, the article highlights the distinctiveness of his approach, which combines cultural rootedness with universal spiritual humanism. Ultimately, it argues that the transition “from domesticity to divinity” signifies not merely social upliftment but a profound reconfiguration of identity, wherein women emerge as autonomous agents of self-realization and national regeneration.
Keywords Women’s education, Vivekananda, Vedanta, empowerment, Śakti, self-realization, Indian philosophy
Field Sociology > Philosophy / Psychology / Religion
Published In Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-04-03
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E-ISSN 3048-7641
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