Advanced International Journal for Research

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Volume 7 Issue 3
May-June 2026

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Mazes Production in Typical Monolingual and Bilingual Children

Author(s) Ms. Tanya Singh, Dr. Satish Kumaraswamy
Country India
Abstract Mazes offers a valuable window into how children plan and monitor their speech in real time, particularly during cognitively demanding activities such as narration. Although such disfluencies are a typical part of development, their distribution and patterns can provide important insights into underlying language processing mechanisms. In bilingual settings, where children navigate two linguistic systems together, these patterns may show meaningful variation. Despite this, normative data for Hindi speaking populations especially within India remains limited. The present study was carried out to compare maze production in typical Hindi monolingual and Hindi-English bilingual children. A total of 80 children in the age range of 6- 8 years who were further divided into two groups (40 in each) participated in the study. Narrative samples were audio- recorded and analysed for five maze types - filled pauses, unfilled pauses, repetitions, revisions and abandoned utterances. Group differences were analysed using Chi-square tests. The findings suggested that bilingual children produced significantly higher frequencies of filled pauses and revisions than their monolingual peers, pointing towards greater involvement in real time planning and self-monitoring processes. Repetitions showed a borderline trend in the same direction, whereas unfilled pauses and abandoned utterances did not show significant group differences. These results suggested that different types of disfluencies vary in their sensitivity to bilingual language experience. Overall, the pattern of increased maze production in bilingual children appeared to reflect heightened processing demands rather than an underlying impairment. The findings emphasise the importance of interpreting disfluencies within the child’s verbal environment and highlights the need for bilingual-specific normative benchmarks in clinical practice.
Keywords maze production, bilingualism, narrative fluency, speech disfluencies, language processing
Published In Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-20
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E-ISSN 3048-7641
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