Advanced International Journal for Research

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Body fat distribution and Its Association with Adipocytes and Cytokines among Adolescent School Children in Tirupati District, India

Author(s) Dr. Manisha Sangaraju, Prof. R.K. Anuradha, Prof. K.Kodanda Reddy
Country India
Abstract Background: Body fat distribution is an indicator of adiposity and a predictor of metabolic risk in addition to altered adipokine and cytokine secretion.
Objective: To investigate the association between Body fat distribution and circulating adipokines and cytokines among the adolescents in Tirupati, India.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 887 adolescents (442 boys and 445 girls) aged 12–16 years. Anthropometric measures including BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and total fat were measured, calculated and categorized according to WHO growth references. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, obestatin, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and C-reactive protein (CRP) using ELISA. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, independent t-tests, and correlation analyses to assess associations between adiposity markers and adipokine/cytokine levels.
Results: Girls had significantly higher total body fat and leptin levels than boys (p < 0.05), whereas boys exhibited greater muscle mass (p < 0.001). Leptin, obestatin, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP increased with higher BMI, WHR, and total fat, while ghrelin, adiponectin, and IL-10 decreased (p < 0.001). Strong positive correlations were observed between adiposity markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas negative correlations were noted with anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Conclusion: Overweight and obese adolescents exhibited significantly altered adipokine and cytokine profiles compared to normal-weight peers, suggesting early subclinical inflammation. The observed alterations in leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and inflammatory markers within the categories of body fat distribution underscore the early onset of metabolic inflammation in youth.
Keywords Adipokines; Cytokines; BMI; Adolescents; Obesity; Inflammation; India
Field Sociology > Home Science
Published In Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-31
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