Advanced International Journal for Research

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Impact of Residential Location on Knowledge and Awareness of Anemia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Mahesana District, Gujarat

Author(s) Dr. Neeta Pratapbhai Chaudhari
Country India
Abstract Anemia is a longstanding health problem in India, affecting school-going adolescent girls, leading to profound physiological and cognitive vulnerabilities. The situation of anemic women in the district of Mehsana, Gujarat is vastly unequal in the different urban and rural parts of the district despite the various attempts at national level such as Anemia Mukt Bharat and Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS). This comparative study assessed the behavioural and cognitive awareness of anemia in school going adolescent girls of Mehsana district and compared their clinical hemoglobin levels with the awareness. The data for the present study was gathered in 2025-2026 using a cross-sectional comparative field design with school-going girls from a balanced sample of 400 girls from rural areas and 400 girls from urban areas of the school. Health literacy was measured using a structured 45 item questionnaire, which contained 13 specific questions about anemia, graded out of a possible 39 points, in three domains: awareness, etiology and identification. Capillary hemoglobin was used to assess objective health status by immediate PoC test carried out with a calibrated digital hemoglobinometer and continuous data was analyzed using independent paired t-tests on Excel.
The independent paired t-test showed that there was no difference in the mean score of Variable 1 (33.08 \pm 3.90) and Variable 2 (32.98 \pm 3.83; t(399) = 0.488, two-tailed p = 0.626). On the other hand, clinical testing revealed a virtually universal health problem and more than 95% of all the participants had anemia. There was a mere 3.25% (26) of the rural participants and 1.25% (10) of the urban participants with healthy, normal hemoglobin levels (\ge 12.0{ g/dL}). The vast majority of girls presented with moderate anemia (8.0 - 10.9{ g/dL}), accounting for 35.5% (284) of the rural and 38.625% (309) of the urban sample. Significant finding, life-threatening severe anemia (< 8.0{ g/dL}) was more common in urban cohort (7%) as compared to rural cohort (5.125%). The results show a significant disconnect between the mind and the body as uniform health literacy is not enough to alleviate the dire clinical depletion. The urban cohort had a higher burden of moderate and severe anemia (45.625%), challenging the traditional infrastructure notions, which may be attributed to the trend of ultra-processed foods and low dietary diversity.
Keywords adolescent girl physiological and cognitive anemia
Field Sociology > Home Science
Published In Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-06-08
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E-ISSN 3048-7641
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