CRISPR-Cas9 Technology in Gene Editing: Mechanisms, Applications, Challenges and Future Perspectives

Author(s)	Ms. Disha Songara, Mr. Ajay Choudhary
Country	India
Abstract	CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful genome-editing technology that enables precise modification of DNA sequences in living organisms. Originally derived from a bacterial immune defense system, it uses a guide RNA (gRNA) and Cas9 nuclease to target and edit specific genes. Due to its simplicity, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, CRISPR-Cas9 has become a widely used tool in genetic engineering. The technology has shown significant potential in treating genetic disorders, developing cancer therapies, combating infectious diseases, improving crop productivity, and advancing industrial biotechnology. However, challenges such as off-target effects, delivery limitations, and ethical concerns continue to influence its clinical application. Recent innovations, including base editing and prime editing, have further enhanced the precision and safety of genome editing. This review highlights the mechanism, applications, advantages, limitations, and future prospects of CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its growing impact on modern science and medicine.
Keywords	CRISPR-Cas9, Genome Editing, Gene Therapy, Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology, Base Editing, Prime Editing
Field	Biology > Genetics / Molecular
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On	2026-06-19

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