Advanced International Journal for Research

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Development and Evaluation of Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Filter for Southern Rajasthan.

Author(s) Ms. Poonam Kashyap, Manjeet Singh
Country India
Abstract Increasing water scarcity, groundwater depletion, and climate variability have intensified the need for sustainable alternative water resources, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRWH) has emerged as an effective decentralized approach for augmenting water availability while reducing dependence on conventional freshwater sources. Despite its considerable potential, the quality of harvested rainwater is often compromised by physicochemical and microbiological contaminants originating from roof catchments, atmospheric deposition, and storage systems. Consequently, efficient and affordable filtration technologies are essential for ensuring the safe domestic utilization of harvested rainwater. This review critically examines the current state of rooftop rainwater harvesting with a particular emphasis on filtration technologies, water quality dynamics, and their applicability in semi-arid regions such as Southern Rajasthan, India. The review synthesizes published literature on the influence of roofing materials, rainfall characteristics, first-flush diversion systems, and low-cost point-of-use filtration technologies including sand, gravel, activated carbon, charcoal, ceramic, and hybrid multi-stage filtration systems. The performance, advantages, and limitations of these technologies are comparatively evaluated with respect to the removal of suspended solids, turbidity, dissolved contaminants, and pathogenic microorganisms. The literature indicates that conventional filtration systems effectively remove coarse particulate matter but exhibit limited efficiency in eliminating dissolved pollutants and microbial contaminants. In contrast, integrated multi-stage filtration systems combining physical filtration, adsorption, and ceramic microfiltration demonstrate superior water treatment performance while remaining economically feasible for decentralized applications. The review further identifies significant research gaps concerning long-term field evaluation of passive gravity-driven filtration systems under localized monsoonal conditions and varying rooftop catchment materials in Southern Rajasthan. The findings provide a scientific basis for developing sustainable, low-cost filtration systems capable of improving harvested rainwater quality and supporting regional water security.
Keywords : Rooftop rainwater harvesting; Rainwater quality; Filtration technologies; First-flush diverter; Water quality; Hybrid filtration; Southern Rajasthan; Water security; Sustainable water management.
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-07-11
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