Mercury and lead in environment and their impact on plants, animals and humans: A review

Author(s)	Prof. Dr. OM PRAKASH BANSAL
Country	India
Abstract	Due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, mining, fossil fuel combustion, agricultural activities, and improper waste disposal, lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) non-essential, highly toxic metals with no known biological functions in animals and humans are globally present in all compartments of the environment. Once inside an organism’s body, these metals affect almost all biological systems. These metals, even at very low concentrations, seriously impact healthcare systems and cause public health threats. These metals in animals and humans mainly impact the nervous system, respiratory, cardiovascular and reproductive systems. Mercury is associated with cancer and disorders in the kidney, liver and neurotoxicity, as well as neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease
Keywords	Lead and mercury, toxicity, plants, aquatic organisms, sources, health effects
Field	Biology > Agriculture / Botany
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On	2026-08-06

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