IoT and GSM-Based Smart Egg Incubator Systems: Review Towards a Centralized Control and Monitoring Framework

Author(s)	Adarsh Kumar
Country	India
Abstract	The artificial incubation of poultry eggs is a precision-critical process requiring stable regulation of temperature, relative humidity, and egg-turning cycles. Conventional manual and semi-automated methods are labour-intensive and prone to human error, leading to significant hatchability losses. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technologies provides a transformative approach for real-time remote monitoring and automated control of incubation environments. This paper critically reviews two key studies an IoT-enabled smart egg incubator with remote monitoring and control by Bhuiyan et al. (2024) and an IoT-based egg incubator with PID control and mobile application by Prabowo et al. (2024) examining their hardware architectures, software frameworks, communication protocols, control strategies, and performance outcomes. Key gaps common to both studies include the absence of GSM-based SMS alerting as a fail-safe communication layer, limited multi-sensor environmental mapping, and the lack of a centralized power management unit with battery backup.
Keywords	Egg Incubator, IoT, GSM, PID Control, Remote Monitoring, Hatchability, ESP32, Centralized Control, MQTT, Firebase.
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On	2026-08-09

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