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Correlation Between Sonographically Measured Placental Thickness and Estimated Fetal Weight in Uncomplicated Singleton Pregnancies: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Author(s) Dr. Sameer, Dr. Mohammad Aleem, Dr. Ekansh Rathoria, Dr. Richa Rathoria, Dr. Harshita Mishra, Dr. Saqib Pervez
Country India
Abstract Background
The placenta governs nutrient and oxygen transfer to the fetus, and its ultrasonographic thickness has been proposed as a simple, reproducible adjunct to conventional fetal biometry for assessing fetal growth. Evidence on the strength of this association, particularly across trimesters, remains variable across populations.
Objective
To evaluate the correlation between ultrasonographically measured placental thickness and estimated fetal weight (EFW) in the second and third trimesters of uncomplicated singleton pregnancies, and to examine this correlation separately by trimester and against individual fetal biometric parameters.
Methods
This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, in collaboration with the Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Paediatrics, at Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Ataria, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India, over an 18-month period. A total of 113 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies between 16 and 40 weeks of gestation, with known and reliable last menstrual period, were enrolled after ethical approval and written informed consent. Placental thickness was measured transabdominally at the level of umbilical cord insertion (three measurements averaged) using a GE-Logiq F8 ultrasound system with a 5 MHz transducer. Biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) were recorded, and EFW was calculated using standard biometric formulas. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess association between placental thickness and EFW, overall and by trimester, using SPSS version 23.
Results
Of 113 participants, 75 (66.4%) were scanned in the second trimester and 38 (33.6%) in the third trimester. Mean placental thickness increased from 21.13 ± 3.42 mm (second trimester) to 33.42 ± 3.62 mm (third trimester), while mean EFW increased from 461.47 ± 267.21 g to 2256.39 ± 714.12 g. A very strong positive correlation was found between placental thickness and EFW overall (r = 0.965, p < 0.001). Trimester-specific analysis showed strong positive correlations in both the second trimester (r = 0.956, p < 0.001) and third trimester (r = 0.950, p < 0.001). Placental thickness also correlated strongly with BPD (r = 0.908, p < 0.001), HC (r = 0.962, p < 0.001), AC (r = 0.930, p < 0.001), and most strongly with FL (r = 0.984, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Ultrasonographically measured placental thickness shows a strong, statistically significant positive correlation with estimated fetal weight in uncomplicated singleton pregnancies, and this relationship is maintained in both the second and third trimesters. Placental thickness may serve as a simple, reproducible adjunct parameter to conventional fetal biometry in routine antenatal ultrasonography, but should not replace standard biometric assessment given the cross-sectional, single-centre design of this study.
Keywords Placental thickness; estimated fetal weight; ultrasonography; fetal biometry; second trimester; third trimester
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-09-18
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