Advanced International Journal for Research

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Volume 7 Issue 5
September-October 2026

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Outage Probability and Throughput Enhancement of Cooperative D2D Communication Using NOMA in 5G Networks

Author(s) Mr. Pinku Pawar
Country India
Abstract This paper investigates outage probability and throughput enhancement of Device-to-Device (D2D) communication assisted by a cooperative relay and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks. While direct D2D links suffer outage under deep fading and conventional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) relaying only partially compensates for this through orthogonal two-hop transmission, the proposed cooperative NOMA-D2D scheme combines a direct D2D path with a NOMA-relayed path through selection combining, exploiting both spatial diversity and power-domain multiplexing gain. Closed-form outage probability expressions are derived for Rayleigh fading channels and validated through Monte Carlo simulation with 10⁶ channel realizations. An ergodic-throughput analysis quantifies the spectral-efficiency gain of the proposed scheme over direct and OMA-relayed D2D baselines, and the impact of relay placement on outage performance is characterized. Simulation results show that the proposed cooperative NOMA-D2D scheme achieves second-order diversity with a substantially lower outage floor than OMA-assisted relaying, reduces outage probability by more than one order of magnitude at 20 dB transmit SNR relative to direct D2D, and improves ergodic throughput by approximately 40% over OMA-assisted relaying at moderate-to-high SNR.
Keywords D2D communication; NOMA; cooperative relaying; outage probability; throughput analysis; diversity order; 5G networks; Rayleigh fading
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-09-25
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