"An Observational Prospective Study Of Long-Term Effects Of Intra-Articular Injection Of IL-I Ra (Interleukin-I Receptor Antagonist) Autologous Conditioned Serum In Patients With Early Primary Osteoarthritis Of Knee"

Harshal Hitendra Prajapati; Nisarg Chandrakant Patel; Abhijit Ranaware

"An Observational Prospective Study Of Long-Term Effects Of Intra-Articular Injection Of IL-I Ra (Interleukin-I Receptor Antagonist) Autologous Conditioned Serum In Patients With Early Primary Osteoarthritis Of Knee"

Author(s)	Dr. Harshal Hitendra Prajapati, Dr. Nisarg Chandrakant Patel, Prof. Dr. Abhijit Ranaware
Country	India
Abstract	Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a common degenerative joint disorder associated with pain, stiffness, and progressive functional limitation. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays an important role in the inflammatory and catabolic processes involved in osteoarthritis. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS), enriched with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), has been proposed as a biological treatment aimed at reducing IL-1-mediated inflammation and improving clinical symptoms. Aim: To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of intra-articular injection of IL-1 receptor antagonist-enriched autologous conditioned serum in patients with early primary osteoarthritis of the knee. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Noble Hospital, Pune, from December 2022 to December 2025. Thirty consecutive patients with early primary knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1 or 2) were included. All patients received a single intra-articular injection of IL-1Ra-enriched autologous conditioned serum through a superolateral approach. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months following injection. Results: The study included 30 patients with a mean age of 58.4 ± 6.7 years; 23 (76.7%) were female and 7 (23.3%) were male. Eleven patients (36.7%) had Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1 and 19 (63.3%) had grade 2 osteoarthritis. The mean VAS score decreased from 6.50 ± 0.63 at baseline to 2.08 ± 0.93 at 1 week, 2.52 ± 1.13 at 4 weeks, 2.97 ± 1.33 at 6 months, and 3.80 ± 1.51 at 12 months. The mean WOMAC score decreased from 70.13 ± 6.00 at baseline to 24.54 ± 2.10 at 1 week, 31.75 ± 7.33 at 4 weeks, 36.99 ± 10.31 at 6 months, and 48.34 ± 7.20 at 12 months. The thesis reported statistically significant improvement in both VAS and WOMAC scores throughout follow-up (p < 0.01). At 12 months, improvement from baseline was 29.3% for VAS and 33.8% for WOMAC. Two patients (6.7%) developed swelling and two (6.7%) reported local-site pain; no complications were recorded in 26 patients (86.7%). Conclusion: A single intra-articular injection of IL-1Ra-enriched autologous conditioned serum was associated with improvement in pain and functional outcome measures over 12 months in patients with early primary knee osteoarthritis. The greatest improvement was observed during the early follow-up period, with beneficial effects persisting at 12 months. These findings support further controlled studies with larger sample sizes and appropriate comparative designs to establish the clinical efficacy and long-term role of autologous conditioned serum in early knee osteoarthritis.
Keywords	Knee osteoarthritis; Autologous conditioned serum; Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; IL-1Ra; Intra-articular injection; VAS; WOMAC
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On	2026-10-10

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"An Observational Prospective Study Of Long-Term Effects Of Intra-Articular Injection Of IL-I Ra (Interleukin-I Receptor Antagonist) Autologous Conditioned Serum In Patients With Early Primary Osteoarthritis Of Knee"

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