Advanced International Journal for Research

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Maternal Obesity in Pregnancy: Evidence-Based Management from Pre-conception to Post-partum in the Indian Context

Author(s) Dr. Shilpi Singh
Country India
Abstract Background and context: The escalating prevalence of maternal obesity in India, accelerated by rapid urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and dietary transitions, represents a critical public health challenge. Maternal adiposity complicates all stages of pregnancy, significantly elevating maternal and fetal morbidity.
Objective statement: This comprehensive article aims to synthesize evidence-based management strategies for maternal obesity spanning the pre-conception, antenatal, intrapartum, and post-partum periods, strictly contextualized within the Indian sociocultural, demographic, and healthcare framework.
Methodology summary: A systematic review framework was applied to analyze contemporary clinical guidelines, epidemiological surveys (including the National Family Health Survey-5), and peer-reviewed studies published predominantly between 2020 and 2025. Data were synthesized to evaluate biological risk factors, systemic gaps, and culturally appropriate interventions.
Key findings:
1. Biological Impact: Maternal obesity in India is independently associated with a two- to three-fold increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and cesarean deliveries (Singh, 2025).
2. Prevalence: Nearly one-fourth of Indian women of reproductive age are overweight or obese, with urban prevalence reaching approximately 31%, heavily contributing to the 49.4% of Indian pregnancies categorized as high-risk (Kuppusamy et al., 2023).
3. Sociocultural Barriers: Ingrained cultural practices, such as traditional dietary overconsumption during pregnancy and systemic restrictions on physical activity, severely exacerbate excessive gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention.
4. Clinical Innovations: Recent Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological

Societies of India (FOGSI) and All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) guidelines strongly advocate for Asian-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoffs, multidisciplinary postpartum clinics, and continuous lifestyle interventions targeting a return to a BMI of ≤ 23 kg/m² (Balsarkar, 2022).
Conclusions and recommendations: Mitigating the maternal obesity epidemic in India requires a paradigm shift toward pre-conception counseling, culturally sensitive dietary modifications, and structured, long-term postpartum follow-ups. Policymakers must strengthen primary healthcare infrastructure to systematically identify and manage adiposity-related risks before they manifest as severe obstetric complications.
Keywords Maternal obesity, Gestational diabetes, FOGSI guidelines, Indian healthcare, Post-partum weight management, High-risk pregnancy.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-10-03
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E-ISSN 3048-7641
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