Advanced International Journal for Research

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Sustainable Tourism in India: Legal Framework, Challenges and Future Direction

Author(s) Mr. ARPAN TAH, Mr. SWARNADEEP GOSWAMI
Country India
Abstract Sustainable tourism has emerged as a critical development strategy in India, balancing economic growth with environmental protection and socio-cultural preservation. As one of the world’s most diverse tourism destinations, India faces the challenge of managing increasing tourist inflows while safeguarding its natural resources, cultural heritage, and local communities. The legal framework for sustainable tourism in India is shaped by a combination of constitutional provisions, environmental laws, tourism policies, and international commitments. Key legislations such as the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, and Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notifications play a significant role in regulating tourism activities and mitigating environmental degradation. In addition, national initiatives like the National Tourism Policy, Swadesh Darshan Scheme, and Ecotourism Guidelines promote responsible and inclusive tourism practices.
Despite these measures, several challenges hinder the effective implementation of sustainable tourism in India. These include inadequate enforcement of environmental laws, lack of coordination among regulatory authorities, over-tourism in ecologically sensitive areas, insufficient community participation, and limited awareness among tourists and stakeholders. Infrastructure pressure, waste management issues, climate change impacts, and commercialization of cultural heritage further exacerbate sustainability concerns.
Looking ahead, the future direction of sustainable tourism in India requires a holistic and integrated approach. Strengthening legal enforcement mechanisms, adopting carrying capacity-based planning, promoting community-based tourism, and encouraging public–private partnerships are essential steps. Leveraging digital technologies for monitoring, promoting green certification, and aligning tourism development with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can enhance long-term sustainability. By reinforcing its legal framework and adopting innovative, inclusive strategies, India can ensure that tourism contributes positively to economic development while preserving its environmental and cultural legacy for future generations.
Keywords Sustainable Tourism, India, Legal Framework, Environmental Laws, Challenges, Future Directions
Field Business Administration
Published In Volume 7, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-01-02
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