Advanced International Journal for Research

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Prognostic factors and survival outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective monocentric study

Author(s) Prof. Sanaa Berrag, Prof. Lamiae Alaoui, Prof. Fouad Nejjari, Prof. Tarik Adioui, Prof. Mouna Tamzaourte
Country Morocco
Abstract Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Prognosis is largely determined by tumor stage at diagnosis and the severity of underlying liver disease. Real-world data are essential to better characterize disease presentation, management, and prognostic factors.
Methods
We conducted a descriptive, analytical, retrospective, single-center study including patients diagnosed with HCC between January 2020 and January 2025. Diagnosis was established according to European Association for the Study of the Liver imaging criteria or histology when indicated. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and therapeutic data were collected. Overall survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Prognostic factors associated with survival were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results
Seventy-four patients were included, with a mean age of 69.5 years and a marked male predominance. Cirrhosis was present in 97.3% of cases, mainly related to hepatitis C virus infection. Most patients were diagnosed at intermediate or advanced stages according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification. Treatment was predominantly palliative. Median overall survival was 10 months. In multivariate analysis, Child–Pugh C status, portal vein invasion, and the presence of extrahepatic metastases were independently associated with reduced survival.
Conclusion
Hepatocellular carcinoma was frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage and associated with poor survival. Liver function and tumor-related factors were the main determinants of prognosis. These findings highlight the need for improved surveillance strategies to enable earlier diagnosis and increase access to curative treatment options
Keywords Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver cirrhosis; Prognostic factors; Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; Child–Pugh score; Overall survival
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 7, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-02-01
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E-ISSN 3048-7641
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