The Dual Impact of Non-State Actors in Conflict Zones: An International Framework Perspective

Author(s)	Hargurpartap Singh
Country	India
Abstract	In contemporary international relations, non-state actors (NSAs) have emerged as influential participants in conflict zones, fundamentally reshaping the dynamics of war, peace, and humanitarian governance. While some non-state actors contribute constructively through peacebuilding, mediation, and humanitarian assistance, others perpetuate violence, destabilize states, and undermine international order. This article examines the dual impact of non-state actors in conflict zones through theoretical, legal, and empirical lenses. It analyses the challenges faced by positive non-state actors, the evolving role of states in enabling or constraining these actors, and the limitations of existing international legal frameworks. Through selected case studies, the article highlights the necessity of a nuanced international approach that mitigates the harms caused by violent non-state actors while strengthening the capacity and accountability of constructive ones.
Field	Sociology > Politics
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On	2026-02-11

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