Advanced International Journal for Research

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Negotiating Modernity and Caste: A Comparative analysis of Savarkar and Periyar

Author(s) Aditya Sharma
Country India
Abstract The dialectic of tradition and modernity shaped the intellectual and political history of modern India. The interaction with modernity in India led to challenging the various institutions including caste. As India grappled with the socio-political transformations brought about by colonialism, a number of reformers and thinkers made a concerted effort to redefine Indian society through diverse and often conflicting visions of progress and justice. Taking this idea in backdrop the paper undertakes a comparative analysis of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and E.V Ramasamy Periyar to examine two influential but ideologically divergent figures in modern Indian political and social thought. Savarkar is considered as the champion of Hindutva politics the ideology of political right wing in India. On the other hand, Periyar is considered as bastion and torch bearer of the Dravidian politics in the southern part of India. The paper employs sociology of knowledge perspective to look understands how the social position of both these towering historical figures influenced and shaped their intellectual standpoints. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Karl Mannheim the paper situates both figures within the broader discourse on modernity, caste and the production of social knowledge. The paper argues that while Savarkar's modernity was integrative and reformist, aiming to consolidate Hindu national identity, Periyar's was revolutionary and annihilative, seeking to dismantle the very structures that underpinned caste. This comparison sheds light on broader debates around tradition, reform, identity and emancipation in South Asian intellectual history and underscores the enduring influence of both thinkers in contemporary India.
Field Sociology
Published In Volume 7, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-02-28
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