Advanced International Journal for Research

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Negotiating Modernity and Caste: A Comparative analysis of Savarkar and Periyar

Author(s) Aditya Sharma
Country India
Abstract The interaction with modernity in India led to challenging the various institutions including caste. The issue of caste was very popular in the political and social discourse in the Indian context. From the central part of India to the down south the issue of caste was engaged with varying ideological standpoints. Taking this idea in backdrop the paper undertakes a comparative analysis of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and E.V Ramasamy Periyar to examine two influential but ideologically divergent figures in modern Indian political and social thought. Both thinkers were product of colonial modernity and were deeply engaged with questions of caste, religion nationalism and social reform. However their responses to these issues reveal fundamentally divergent visions of modernity and social transformation. By examining their writings, political actions and historical contexts, this paper explores how Savarkar and Periyar articulated their approach to caste and modernity offering contested pathways to social change in India. The paper argues that while Savarkar's modernity was integrative and reformist, aiming to consolidate Hindu national identity, Periyar's was revolutionary and annihilative, seeking to dismantle the very structures that underpinned caste. This comparison sheds light on broader debates around tradition, reform, identity and emancipation in South Asian intellectual history and underscores the enduring influence of both thinkers in contemporary India.
Keywords Sardar Patel, caste, class, sociological theory, Weber, Bourdieu, Gramsci
Field Sociology
Published In Volume 7, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-02-28
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E-ISSN 3048-7641
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