'The Effects of Primary Education on Girls' Cognitive Development in Island and Urban Areas

Author(s)	Dr. MD Parvej
Country	India
Abstract	This study examines how primary education influences cognitive development among girls living in island and urban areas. While primary education is universally important, geographic contexts such as island communities — often characterised by isolation, limited resources, and infrastructural challenges — differ significantly from urban areas with better educational facilities and broader socio-economic opportunities. This paper explores variations in access to education, quality of instructional environments, and associated cognitive outcomes. Findings suggest that while primary education positively impacts girls’ cognitive development in both settings, disparities in resources, teacher quality, and learning environments may lead to measurable differences in outcomes. The study highlights implications for policy and suggests targeted interventions to support educational equity.
Keywords	Primary Education; Girls’ Education; Cognitive Development; Island Areas; Urban Areas; Educational Disparities; Gender Equality; Learning Outcomes; Literacy and Numeracy; Socio-Economic Factors; Access to Education; Rural–Urban Divide
Field	Sociology > Education
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On	2026-01-10
DOI	https://doi.org/10.63363/aijfr.2026.v07i01.2862
Short DOI	https://doi.org/hbk6wk

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